Effects of Institutionalisation

There are many myths that support the ongoing use of institutions to care for children in countries devastated by poverty or war.

Many believe institutions are the best option for children. There is a wealth of evidence, however, which demonstrates the harm caused to children who grow up in an institutional care system.

Children's brains develop as connections are made between their synapses. These pathways are vital. Children in institutions do not get the stimulation needed to develop these connections effectively, so often struggle with language and end up with lower than average IQs.

When a toddler cries and no one comes, their fight or flight mechanism is triggered. If the child is trapped in a small cot this can lead to them self-harming, continually rocking or head-banging.

With strict routines and little social interaction children can find it hard to form normal relationships, even later on in life.

To develop to their full potential children need the type of love that a family gives. Even the smallest baby will suffer if they do not have this close, loving contact from the earliest age.

With few exceptions, children growing up in poor quality institutions fail to stand or walk by the age of four. Missing out on developing proper motor skills also has an impact on brain development.

Without access to normal places to play children in institutions do not encounter everyday germs and consequently can develop problems with their immune systems.

The truth is that institutionalisation can have a severe effect on a child's life, causing developmental delays and behaviour disorders such as withdrawal and self-harm. Children have the potential to make enormous progress when given the chance to live in a caring family environment, where they are given the individual affection and stimulation that most of us take for granted.